MongoDB findOne() method returns only one document that satisfies the criteria entered. If the criteria entered matches for more than one document, the method returns only one document according to natural ordering, which reflects the order in which the documents are stored in the database.
MongoDB findOne Syntax
MongoDB findOne() syntax is: db.collection.findOne(
- The projection parameter accepts the boolean values of 1 or true, 0 or false. If the projection fields are not specified, all the fields will be retrieved.
- MongoDB findOne() always includes the _id field even if not specified explicitly in the projection parameter unless it is excluded.
- MongoDB findOne() returns only a document but not a cursor.
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MongoDB findOne - Empty Query Specification
This operation returns a single document from the collection specified. For example, db.car.findOne() Output:
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "Polo", "color" : "White",
"cno" : "H411", "speed" : 45, "mfdcountry" : "Japan"
}Only one record is retrieved from the car collection. Note that “Polo” was inserted first into the database.
MongoDB findOne - Query Specification
This MongoDB findOne operation returns the first matching document from the specified collection along with the selection criteria entered. For example:
>db.car.findOne(
... {
... $or:[
... {name:"Zen"},
... {speed: {$gt:60}} ... ]
... }
... )
{
"_id" : ObjectId("546cb92393f464ed49d620db"),
"name" : "Zen",
"color" : "JetRed",
"cno" : "H671",
"speed" : 67,
"mfdcountry" : "Rome"
}This operation searches for the car named “Zen” or for speed greater than 60 and retrieves the first document satisfying the criteria entered from the car collection.
Projection in MongoDB findOne()
The projection parameter is also applicable for MongoDB findOne method. Let’s look at some scenarios where we can use projection in findOne.
Specify Fields to be Returned
This operation displays only the fields specified in the query. For example:
>db.car.findOne(
... { },
... {name:1,color:1}
... )
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Polo", "color" : "White" }The first document from the Car collection with id, name, and color fields are displayed.
Return All Fields Except the Excluded One
This operation retrieves the first document excluding the fields specified in the selection criteria. For example;
>db.car.findOne(
... { name:"Volkswagen" },
... {_id:0, mfdcountry:0,cno:0 }
... )
{ "name" : "Volkswagen", "color" : "JetBlue", "speed" : 62 }The car name with Volkswagen is retrieved excluding the id, mfdcountry, and cno fields.
MongoDB findOne Result Document
Cursor methods will not work in this operation as the method returns only a single document. In order to print the individual field values from the document, we can use the below code.
>var car = db.car.findOne();
> if (car) {
... var carName = car.name;
... print (tojson(carName));
... }This retrieves only the name of the car “Polo”.
MongoDB findOne Java Example
Below is the java program showing different options that we can use with MongoDB findOne(). MongoDBFindOne.java
package com.journaldev.mongodb;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class MongoDBFindOne {
// method retrieves the first document without any criteria
public static void emptyFindOne() throws UnknownHostException {
// Get a new connection to the db assuming that it is running
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost");
// use test as a datbase,use your database here
DB db = mongoClient.getDB("test");
// fetch the collection object ,car is used here,use your own
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("car");
// invoking findOne() method
DBObject doc = coll.findOne();
// prints the resultant document
System.out.println(doc);
}
// method that retrieves the document based on the selection criteria
public static void querySpecification() throws UnknownHostException {
// getting a connection every time is not needed (could be done once
// globally).
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost");
DB db = mongoClient.getDB("test");
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("car");
// query to filter the document based on name and speed values by
// creating new object
DBObject query = new BasicDBObject("name", "Zen").append("speed",
new BasicDBObject("$gt", 30));
// resultant document fetched by satisfying the criteria
DBObject d1 = coll.findOne(query);
// prints the document on console
System.out.println(d1);
}
public static void projectionFields() throws UnknownHostException {
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost");
DB db = mongoClient.getDB("test");
DBCollection coll = db.getCollection("car");
// creates new db object
BasicDBObject b1 = new BasicDBObject();
// criteria to display only name and color fields in the resultant
// document
BasicDBObject fields = new BasicDBObject("name", 1).append("color", 1);
// method that retrieves the documents by accepting fields and object
// criteria
DBObject d1 = coll.findOne(b1, fields);
System.out.println(d1);
}
public static void excludeByfields() throws UnknownHostException {
MongoClient m1 = new MongoClient("localhost");
DB db = m1.getDB("test");
DBCollection col = db.getCollection("car");
// filter criteria for car name volkswagen
DBObject query = new BasicDBObject("name", "Volkswagen");
// excluding the fields mfdcountry,cno and id fields
BasicDBObject fields = new BasicDBObject("mfdcountry", 0).append("cno",
0).append("_id", 0);
DBObject d1 = col.findOne(query, fields);
System.out.println(d1);
}
public static void printDoc() throws UnknownHostException {
MongoClient m1 = new MongoClient("localhost");
DB db = m1.getDB("test");
DBCollection col = db.getCollection("car");
DBObject d1 = col.findOne();
// prints only the name of the car
System.out.println((d1.get("name")));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
// invoking all the methods from main
emptyFindOne();
querySpecification();
projectionFields();
excludeByfields();
printDoc();
}
}Output of above program is:
{ "_id" : 2.0 , "name" : "Polo" , "color" : "White" , "cno" : "H411" , "speed" : 45.0 , "mfdcountry" : "Japan"}
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "546cb92393f464ed49d620db"} , "name" : "Zen" , "color" : "JetRed" , "cno" : "H671" , "speed" : 67 , "mfdcountry" : "Rome"}
{ "_id" : 2.0 , "name" : "Polo" , "color" : "White"}
{ "name" : "Volkswagen" , "color" : "JetBlue" , "speed" : 62}
PoloThat’s all for MongoDB findOne() method, we will look into more MongoDB options in coming posts.
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