Install and Secure MariaDB on FreeBSD 14.0
MariaDB is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that serves as a drop-in replacement for MySQL, offering improved performance and extended support for multiple storage engines. It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to perform database operations and integrates easily with existing server applications, such as web server stacks, through modular extensions.
This guide explains how to install MariaDB on FreeBSD 14.0, secure the database server, and allow users to create and manage SQL records efficiently.
Prerequisites
- Deploy a FreeBSD 14.0 server instance via our custom images feature during the server deployment in the ccloud³.
- Access the server via SSH.
- Create a non-root user with sudo privileges and switch to that user.
Install MariaDB
MariaDB is included in the default FreeBSD 14.0 package repositories. Follow the steps below to install MariaDB using the pkg package manager and configure it to start automatically at boot.
Update the pkg catalog:
$ sudo pkg update
Search for available MariaDB packages:
$ sudo pkg search mariadb
Install the latest stable version, for example MariaDB 10.6:
$ sudo pkg install -y mariadb106-server
Check the installed MariaDB version:
$ mariadb --version
Temporarily start the MariaDB service to verify access:
$ sudo service mysql-server onestart
Log in to the MariaDB console:
$ sudo mariadb
If you see an error like:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local server through socket '/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
Downgrade to a previous stable version (for example, 10.5):
$ sudo pkg remove -y mariadb106-server && sudo pkg install -y mariadb105-server
Manage the MariaDB Service
MariaDB uses the mysql-server service to control the database process. The steps below show how to manage it and enable autostart at boot.
Enable MariaDB autostart:
$ sudo sysrc mysql_enable="YES"
Start the MariaDB service:
$ sudo service mysql-server start
Check the MariaDB service status:
$ sudo service mysql-server status
Secure MariaDB
By default, MariaDB allows root login without a password. Secure your installation using the included setup script:
Run the security script:
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
Follow the prompts to:
- Set a strong root password.
- Disable anonymous users.
- Prevent remote root access.
- Remove the test database.
- Reload privileges to apply changes.
Access the MariaDB Console
MariaDB can be accessed using the mysql or mariadb client tools. The following steps show how to log in and test basic operations.
Log in as root:
$ sudo mariadb -u root -p
Create a new sample database:
CREATE DATABASE demodb;
List all databases to verify creation:
SHOW DATABASES;
Switch to the new database:
USE demodb;
Create a new user and grant privileges:
CREATE USER 'db_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong-password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON demodb.* TO 'db_admin'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Exit the console:
EXIT;
Test the new user login:
$ sudo mysql -u db_admin -p
Display all databases accessible to the user:
SHOW DATABASES;
Conclusion
You have successfully installed MariaDB on FreeBSD 14.0, secured the server, and configured authentication for database users. MariaDB can now serve as a secure and high-performance database backend for your applications. To make it accessible remotely, adjust the bind address in the configuration file from localhost to 0.0.0.0 or your network’s private IP.
